Introduction twodimensional flow problems may easily be solved by potential flow approach as was explained in chapter 6. Sep 15, 2016 fluid flow a fluid is a substance that continually deforms flows under an applied shear stress. Laminar flow can be explained as a microscopic viscous interaction between several layers of fluid. Fundamental fluid and flow properties, fluid statics, integral formulation of fluid flow, bernoulli equation, differential formulation of fluid flow, similitude and dimensional analysis, viscous flow in pipes and ducts, irrotational flow, viscous flow. Typically, viscous stresses within a fluid tend to stabilize and organize the flow, whereas excessive fluid inertia tends to disrupt organized flow leading to chaotic turbulent behavior. In these lecture notes we will have a closer look at. Based on a control volume analysis for the dashed box, answer the following. Mcdonough departments of mechanical engineering and mathematics university of kentucky, lexington, ky 405060503 c 1987, 1990, 2002, 2004, 2009. Fluid flow fundamentals full appreciation of developments in production logging requires an understanding of the complex mechanics of fluid flow. The lifecycles of stars, the creation of atmospheres, the sounds we hear, the vehicles we ride, the systems we build for. The volumetric flow rate of a system is a measure of the volume of fluid passing a point inv.
Fluid flow for chemical engineers ekc212 core course. Fluids such as gases and liquids in motion are called fluid flow. The ideal flow theory may also be extended to situations in which fluid viscosity is very small and velocities are high, since they correspond to very high values of reynolds number, at which flows are independent of viscosity. Fluid flow may be defined as the flow of substances that do not permanently resist distortion the subject of fluid flow can be divided into fluid statics and fluid dynamics 14. Theory overview of flow measurement using differential. The theory is covered later in the section on laminar flow where it is shown that the terminal velocity u of the sphere is related to the dynamic viscosity and the density of the fluid and sphere. This video explains the most important ideas of potential flow theory. Theory the derivation of the hagenpoiseuille equation for laminar flow in. Thus there is theory available for fluid flow problems, but in all cases it should.
All laws in continuum mechanics depart from a cv analysis i. The water flow through the apparatus is controlled by the delivery valve of the hydraulics bench and the flow rate may be confirmed by using the volumetric measuring tank of the hydraulics bench. Granular flow tgf, a platform for exchanging ideas by bringing together researchers from various scienti. When you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to do the following. A flow nozzle which is held between flanges of pipe carrying the fluid whose flow rate is being measured. The volumetric flow rate can be calculated as the product of the cross sectional area a for flow and the average flow velocity v. A key step in formulating the equations of motion for a fluid requires specifying the stress tensor in terms of the properties of the flow, in particular the velocity field, so that the theory becomes closed, that is, that the number of variables is reduced to the number of governing equations. In most models, each phase is treated as an interpenetrating continuum with a volume fraction parameter, which is analogous to the porosity assigned to a fluid phase in flow through a porous medium.
Openings are provided at two places 1 and 2 for attaching a differential pressure sensor utube manometer, differential pressure gauge etc. If the continuum velocity u in the fluid particle as given by 1. You might recommend equipment for controlling contaminants in a fluid handling system to avoid wear to hoses or tubing, to avoid gun wear, to avoid plugged tips, and to. The surface area element df is a vector directed as outward normal. Pdf you look up at the sky, and see a lovely cloud. Fluid handling is still at the heart of new, more complex processes and applications. Finally, as a spino, a new branch of mathematics was created. Boundary layer approximations, displacement and momentum thickness b.
Unlike an elastic solid which responds to a shear stress with a recoverable deformation, a fluid responds with an irrecoverable flow. Moving particles, especially small particles, can transport heat much more efficiently than gas alone. Fluid flow is a part of fluid mechanics and deals with fluid dynamics. By definition, a fluid is a material continuum that is unable to withstand a static shear stress. We need your support, kindly share this web page with other friends. This motion continues as long as unbalanced forces are applied. Fluid conditioning controls physical fluid controls contaminant control pressure control viscosity control flow control suspension control 3. These fluids have to be transported and processed in the. We can treat external flows around bodies as invicid i. The construction and effective use of numerical procedures in order to find quantitative descriptions of concrete physical or technical fluid flow situations. Equation of motion in streamline coordinates pdf fluid mechanics equation sheet pdf inviscid flow equation sheet pdf videos seen during class. Use is made of the welldeveloped kinetic theory of gases embodied in the. Intro to fluid flow dublin institute of technology. The theory of tur bulent flow is crude and heavily backed up by experiment chap.
Barmeir, genick, basics of fluid mechanics, last modified. For the sake of clarity of presentation, we discuss. For example, for fluid flowing in a pipe, v could be the average fluid velocity, and d would be the pipe diameter. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated porous solid. According to this theory, gas moves through the bed in two ways as bubbles, and as part of an emulsion or dense phase as illustrated in figure 2. Consider a steady, incompressible boundary layer with thickness. An indepth understanding of the theory and application of fluid flow is critical to every field of engineering, particularly civil, mechanical, and chemical. A particle has only axial velocity along a streamline. The key ideas are potential flows are always irrotaional. The gas phase pyrolysis of three octalins has been studied in a conventional flow system in the temperature range between 500 and 725c and at pressures up to 70 torr educt and 1 atm reaction. Surface force on an arbitrary small surface element embedded in the fluid, with area. From the standpoint of continuum theory the process described above represents the diffusion.
Fluid flow, lecture notes, pdfs, ebook this section contains free ebooks and guides on chemical engineering, which can be viewed online or downloadable in pdf, rar or zip. Fluid flow for chemical engineers ekc212 core course semester i 20082009 by mohamad hekarl uzir msc. Biot shell development concpany, rca buddirg, new york, new york received september 1, 1955 a theory is developed for the propagation of stress waves in a porous elastic solid containing compressible viscous fluid. The force that propels the wheel is the force developed in the direction of movement whirl direction. School of chemical engineering universiti sains malaysia engineering campus seri ampangan 14300 nibong tebal penang. The aim of this project was to model a few scenarios using fluent. A persons total blood supply circulates through the kidneys approximately 12 timeshr. The study of this unit will introduce learners to a range of concepts and applications of fluid mechanics that will enable them to solve engineering problems associated with fluid.
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids liquids, gases. In order to use the ideal fluid assumption for the flow of real fluids, shearing stress that occurs during the fluid motion should be so small to affect the motion. The force on the vane due to the change in velocity of the fluid is f m. The main theorems regarding existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions will be presented, and put into a computational context, but without proofs. Lectures in computational fluid dynamics of incompressible flow. Pdf this book should be used by many different engineering disciplines. Many raw materials for foods and many finished foods are in the form of fluids. The existence and nature of viscosity can be demonstrated by. This article outlines the basics of both monophase and multiphase flow. The power required to move a fluid through a conduit is a function of the fluid velocity, the diameter of the conduit and the fluid density and viscosity. A complete set of lecture notes for an upperdivision undergraduate fluid mechanics course. Inviscid flows, volume 1, 1966, 602 pages, wallace d. The impact of an adequate theory of turbulence on certain. Veldman strong interaction m1 viscous flow inviscid flow lecture notes in applied mathematics academic year 20112012.
Potential flow theory elementary flows, which can be superimposed to describe the flow around bodies of arbitrary shape. Kidney fluid balance blood flow through the kidney is about 20% of each heart beat about 1200 mlmin. Fluid mechanics problems for qualifying exam fall 2014 1. Fluid dynamics around airfoils twodimensional flow around a streamlined shape foces on an airfoil distribution of pressue coefficient over an airfoil the variation of the lift coefficient with the angle of attack for a symmetrical and nonsymmetrical airfoil. Basic principles of fluid mechanics and physical thermodynamics.
Topics covered include hydrodynamics, surface tension, boundary layers, potential flow, aerodynamics, viscous flow, and waves. Fluid power is also widely used on aircraft, particularly for lowering and raising the undercarriage and for operating the flight control surfaces. Many of the examples adduced in textbooks of fluid dynamics are universal flows. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases. Potential flow theory when a flow is both frictionless and irrotational, pleasant things happen. For example, if you are pouring water from a mug, the velocity of water is very. Part 1 basic principles of fluid mechanics and physical. What is it that makes fluid flows so rich, so complexsome times so highly ordered that their. In a radial flow pump, the liquid enters at the center of the impeller and is directed out. Potential flow theory advanced fluid mechanics mechanical. The heattransfer rate in a fluidized bed can be five to ten times greater than that in a packedbed reactor. This is a modern book on fluid mechanics that is written in a way needed.
Mathematical models of fluid dynamics wiley online books. In laminar flow the fluid pa rticles move in parallel paths or streamlines. Probstein, 0123343615, 9780123343611, academic press, 1966. Without these it is impossible to understand potential flows. The twophase theory is represented by the equation. Fluid mechanics an introduction to the theory of fluid flows. It involves the motion of a fluid subjected to unbalanced forces. The flow motion in this zone may be examined as ideal fluid flow potential flow since velocity gradient is small in this zone. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Lecture notes compressible fluid dynamics mechanical. Fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes smartzworld.
Quantum electrodynamics quantum field theory quantum gravity quantum information. The density of the fluid is 800 kgm3 and the dynamic viscosity is 8 cp. Here you can download the free fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes latest and old materials with multiple file links to download. The volumetric flow rate can be calculated as the product of the cross sectional area a for flow and the average flow velocity. Fluid mechanics notes pdf fm notes pdf starts with the topics covering introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension. Consider an open channel of uniform width b and with a flat but sloping bed as illustrated below. Chapter 3 the stress tensor for a fluid and the navier stokes. Natural fractured reservoir engineering phdg textbooks in preparation, intended to be issued during 2015. The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time demonstrate applications of the bernoullis equation. F is the force exerted by the fluid on side 1, on the fluid on side 2. Barmeir, genick, basics of fluid mechanics, last modi.
Basics equations for fluid flow the continuity equation q v. Fluid mechanics submarine design 2011 1 p a g e abstract the following report encompasses a detailed investigation into the design, construction and testing of a submersible vessel capable of operating efficiently and being watertight to a. In this experiment, you will investigate fluid flow in a pipe network and will explore several methods rotameter, orifice and venturi meters for measurement of the. Pressure fields and fluid acceleration video and film notes pdf 1. Discretization and gridding in reservoir simulation 2. Turbomachines are mechanical devices that either extract energy from a fluid turbine or add energy to a fluid pump as a result of dynamic interactions between the device and the fluid. Further improved the script for the chapter log file for latex macro process.
The theory is based on stokes law and is only valid for very slow velocities. Fluid flow introduction fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. Fluid flow definition and types fluid flow rate examples. The three types of flow through a centrifugal pump are radial flow, axial flow, and mixed flow. Recently, barmeir developed a new foundation theory so that improved. Effect of stokes number on turbulent fluidsolid flows. Pdf a textbook of fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines. Variables needed to define a fluid and its environment are.
Universal flows in the simplest theories of fluids numdam. C 1 i ntroduction to f luid f low stanford university. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent. Potential flow theory introduction essentials of fluid. Both students and experts wanting to control or predict the behavior of fluid flows by theoretical and computational fluid dynamics will benefit from this combination of all relevant. The course concentrates on those aspects of fluid mechanics that can be studied analytically.
The flow is determined using a sudden enlargement, venturi meter, orifice plate, elbow and a rotameter. The purpose of doing so was to see how accurate the program was at modeling fluid flow in order to see if computational fluid dynamics has advanced enough to do away with the traditional methods. The manner in which fluid flows through the pump is determined by the design of the pump casing and the impeller. Turbulent flow laminar flow dye dye laminar and turbulent velocity profiles visualized using marker dye.
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